Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Business Law - Essay Example Two principle approaches associated with arrangement are ill-disposed exchange just as critical thinking approach. In ill-disposed methodology, the warring gatherings look for arrangement through exchange with a thought process of amplifying own benefit while in critical thinking approach, joint increase is looked for by parties included. In spite of the fact that the technique is examined as a free apparatus for unraveling questions, it is frequently utilized before appropriation of formal method(s) to understand a debate and is such a case, exchange isn't seen as an other to prosecution forms. In intercession, in contrast to the case with exchange, an unbiased individual is a trademark highlight and is engaged with help of correspondence between the gatherings while simultaneously offering proposals to potential methods of understanding the current question. As a mastery, the unbiased individual picked (go between) is regularly picked by the assent of the warring gatherings. The principle highlight of the procedure is having the arbiter help each side tune in to the next in a question. Influence is a required character for the middle person so as to have the pondering on the different arrangements located and the procedure is finished up after the gatherings included collectively acknowledge an answer after which the choice is placed into composing and marked into by all the gatherings. Aggregate dealing issues are fundamental guides to questions which embrace intercession as a device for arrangement where the clashing gatherings (like representatives) must cooperate signi ficantly after the debate. It is to be noticed that however intervention is embraced as an option in contrast to case, the principle purpose behind its reception is as a rule to evade court strategies. This apparatus of fathoming debates is clarified by the utilization of an unbiased outsider and outside of court framework to discover an answer for a contest. It hosts a distinctive element in that gatherings engaged with mediation are in contracts and

Objective Of One Shot Coffee Shop Marketing Essay

Target Of One Shot Coffee Shop Marketing Essay One Shot bistro is another organization that will be set at lodging imperial sovereigns at 12 sovereign road Singapore. The One Shot café give the espresso and the agreeable condition for the client, One Shot bistro will be an association organization and will starting procedure on December 30,2012. Leader of One Shot coffeehouse is Mr. Wang and the VP of One Shot café is Mr. Kun, VP has a 45% portion of the organization, and president has a 55% portion of the organization. Leader of the organization additionally is a CEO of the coffeehouse, the CEO Manager the workers, and the VP in control with the products flexibly. The area of the One Shot coffeehouse is set up at inn regal sovereigns at 12 sovereign road Singapore, it is an era of Singapore, and the inn additionally had a decent deals, so it will take numerous client to the One Shot café. 1.2The goal of One Shot coffeehouse One Shot coffeehouses destinations for the main year ofâ operations are: 1. Become chosen as the Best New Coffee Bar in the territory by the nearby eatery manage. 2. Divert in benefits from the primary month of activities. 3. Keep up a 65% gross edge. 2.Vision and Mission 2.1 Vision A dream can be characterized as an eye outline, now and again likewise alluded to as the Company in the image, yet it is far beyond this. Your vision articulation is your motivation, your key arranging structure. An eye outline, can be applied to a solitary division of the whole organization or the organization. Regardless of whether all or part of an association, the eye diagram to respond to the inquiry, Where we need to go? Become the main marked bistros in the district to business easygoing, considering the disposition of purchaser. Around three years to recoup the complete venture cost, and bit by bit started to benefit. 2.2 Mission Statement of purpose is an announcement of the motivation behind organization or association its explanation behind existing. The statement of purpose should control the activities of the association. illuminate its general objective, give a way, and guide dynamic. It gives the system or setting inside which the companys techniques are figured. Slope, Ch, Jones, G. (2008) To turn into an innovator in this industry and give a steady and sensible salary for the proprietors of the spot for venture. (2) The effective culmination of the development and advancement of the stores, and bit by bit pull back the speculation capital. 3.Product and administration Item and administration are the point at which a firm offer a blend of the two items and administrations, in contrast with the conventional spotlight on items. As characterize by an attractive arrangement of items and administrations prepared to do mutually satisfying a clients need. to a great extent roused by the need with respect to customarily arranged assembling firms to adapt to changing business sector powers and the acknowledgment that administrations in blend with items could furnish higher benefits than item alone.Face with recoil advertises and expanded commercialization of their items, those organizations saw administration arrangement as another way toward benefits and development. 3.1The primary item and administration Cappuccino With less milk than a latte, cappuccino offers a more grounded coffee flavor and an extravagant surface. To make it appropriately require more ability and mindfulness. Seemingly the most significant things is foaming the froth to smooth flawlessness as the milk steams something One Shot bistro advodate take incredible consideration to accomplish . The milk mous tache that sticks to your upper lip is verification weve made yours right. What's more, we may state, you wear it well. Coffee Smooth and adaptable Espresso Roast is the very central core of One Shot. Its rich flavor, waiting fragrance and caramel pleasantness make it the ideal found for lattes, cappuccinos and every one of the One Shot café coffee based refreshments. In any case, you can likewise appreciate everything without anyone else to be sure, that may be the most ideal approach to find its subtleties. White Chocolate Mocha White chocolate fans will disclose to you they like it exquisite, velvety taste. Its smooth inconspicuous, is an ideal supplement to a bolder taste. There is no bolder than we are rich, full-bodied coffee tastes. Also, it turns out, there is no better method to encounter the debauched white chocolate, as opposed to in this tasty drink. Caramel Macchia-to Scores of individuals are energetic enthusiasts of the mark drink. So entrance are they, youd think it was any sorts of mysterious remedy. Well theres no hocus mark here. Well let you know precisely what goes into it: smooth vanilla enhanced syrup, newly steamed milk with a garnish of smooth rich froth, one extreme hit of One Shot Espresso cook, a completion of rich caramel sprinkle. alright, we take it back. It seems as though is enchantment to us. in any case, it taste far better. Vanilla Latte There are numerous tasty approaches to join coffee, however one of that couldnt be increasingly exemplary is that Vanilla latte. Simply need a couple of fixing make up that top pick: One Shot Signature coffee. Velvety steamed milk and our exemplary vanillas syrup. Straightforward, .Satisfying consistently. 4.Industry synopsis and investigation 4.1PESTEL This division analyzes in detail the outside condition just as the macroeconomic powers incorporate the present issues, for example, the worldwide budgetary emergency, expansion, and so forth confronting the espresso business works. For this situation, an examination and estimation of the primary outer condition variables to the One Shot café by utilizing the PESTEL Analysis. Any examination of the triumphs and disappointments confronting a SME must comprehend the large scale condition inside which a SME works (Barney and Hesterly, 2008). The PESTEL system is intended to furnish directors with an investigative al apparatus to distinguish distinctive large scale condition factors that may business procedures, and to survey what improvement natural factor may impact the business execution now or in future. The PESTEL system incorporate six kinds of significant condition impacts: political, financial social, innovative, natural and lawful elements. These elements would not be viewed as autonomous factor. Factor, for example, a mechanical advances may likely influence the social and financial conditions in various markets. 4.1.1Political elements The political factor is to what degree the administration intercession in the economy. In particular, political components, for example, charge approach, work law, natural law, exchange limitations, taxes, and political steadiness. Political elements may likewise incorporate products and ventures, the legislature ought to give or gave (merit merchandise), the administration doesn't need (bad mark merchandise or focal points of bads). Furthermore, governments have extraordinary impact in wellbeing, instruction, and a national foundation It is realized that Singapore is an entirely steady nation with low social hazard, simultaneously; the administration of Singapore is energize an ever increasing number of travelers to Singapore, ;similar to the administration fabricating the gambling club in Singapore, the legislature additionally need more voyagers come to Singapore. The administration offices in Singapore assume an extremely dynamic job in advancing Singapore as a worldwide goal. Under the direction of STB (Singapore the travel industry board) it accepts majors to advance itself as a MICE goal. For such a decent political components let the business in Singapore get more advantage. Henceforth, the One Shot bistro may maintain its business solidness and advantage its venture benefit under Singapores solid government strategies. 4.1.2Legal variables Lawful variables incorporate separation law, purchaser security law, antitrust law, work law, wellbeing and wellbeing laws.These elements may influence the Companys activities, its expense, and the interest for its items. As Singapores law is exceptionally severe and the administration will secure Intellectual property rights and doesnt permit different organizations to encroach the copyright and protected innovation so it is generally excellent for organization to contend with one another reasonably. For the One Shot café in Singapore its licensed innovation rights had been ensure under the Singapores legitimate. 4.1.3Economic elements Financial factors, for example, monetary development, loan costs, trade rates and swelling rate. These elements have huge effect on the undertaking how it functions, and settle on a choice. For instance, loan fees influence the companys cost of capital, and subsequently, the degree to which the business development and extension. Trade rates influence the expense of fare merchandise and the gracefully and cost of imported products in the monetary In light of exchange, financial aspects (2011), Singapores per capita (GDP) is higher than most evolved nations. Truth be told, with the monetary advancement of Singapores economy enhanced, open exchange approaches, universal correspondence connects, and pull in worldwide speculation. Singapore is a dynamic economy, and its economy is intensely reliant on sends out. From 2007 to 2010, 7.62% of the to appreciate normal GDP development. It appreciates a higher per capita salary than most created nations. February 14, 2007, the Singapore government declared that the yearly financial development of 7.9% in 2006, 7.7% higher than initially envisioned. Singapores joblessness rate was 2.2%, around February 20, 2009. As of August 7, 2010, Singapore is one of the universes quickest developing economies, the development rate was 17.9% in the principal half of 2010. Singapore is a profoundly inexhaustible characteristic assets. Have propelled the condition of the foundation, including nation inns, streets, transport offices, telecommunicate offices, flying administrations. One Shot café may be an open door in such a decent condition. 4.1.4Social variables Social components incorporate the social parts of wellbeing cognizance, populace development rate, age dispersion, vocation perspectives and accentuation on the security. Pattern of social factors on the effect of the companys items and necessities, the companys tasks. For instance, the maturing of the populace may mean a littler, all the more willing workforce (thu

Were closed today Tuesday, November 5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Were closed today Tuesday, November 5 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Its Election Day here in the United States.  Although its not a presidential election year, U.S. citizens are exercising their right to vote for their local representatives in government.  As a result many public (and some private) schools are closed in New York City today. Columbia University is one of the institutions that honors our hard earned privilege to vote and encourages people to vote by closing the school to allow us to do just that.    If you are interested in learning about electoral systems and voting policies, you can study it in our USP  concentration. We will be back in the office tomorrow November 6 to answer your questions.

Terrorism Paper - 1425 Words

This social and political issue has plagued mankind for centuries, but has only recently come into the eyes of current world leaders. The events of September 11, 2001 brought this issue into the spotlight (What Is Terrorism? Pg. 1). Ladies and gentlemen, I am of course talking about the agonizing issue of terrorism. Although this issue has existed for centuries, the word terrorism has only begun being used in the second part of the 19th century (What Is Terrorism? Pg. 1). The earliest account of a terrorist act in the second part of the 19th century was in 1968 when a Palestinian terrorist hijacked an Israeli airliner (What Is Terrorism? Pg. 4). There are two other factors which aid terrorism: one being the media which informs the world†¦show more content†¦Pg. 2). 2) Terrorists may want to create a state of fear and or anxiety within the allotted population so they may better easily overthrow the government or change the current social order (What Is Terrorism? Pg. 2). 3) T errorist leaders/organizers may want the targeted government to overreact and introduce harsh counterterrorism policies, which may provoke the general public to loath or even demand the resignation of their respected government (What Is Terrorism? Pg. 2). One is reminded of the 1985 movie Brazil, set in an alternative comedic dystopia somewhere in the 20th century, in which terror-bombings are so common that they barely generate attention. In one scene set in a fancy restaurant, a bomb goes off, but the diners dont even stop chatting away, even as fires are extinguished and bodies are carried out. (The San Francisco Chronicle. Feb. 17th, 2004/May 13th, 2006) The Israeli government and Hamas are one of the many two sides of terrorism and counter-terrorism. Hamas (Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyya) has one primary goal; which is the establishment of an Islamic state in all of Palestine (Hamas, Section #3). In order for them to accomplish this goal, they must declare all-out Jihad against their enemies and they must gain the participation of the entire Islamic community (Hamas, Section #3). The ideological and philosophical roots of Hamas can be found within the MuslimShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Terrorism1931 Words   |  8 PagesWhy am I here? What does terrorism, or counterterrorism, have to do with being a Patrol lieutenant? I asked these questions of myself on October 4, 2017 at 2:45 in the afternoon – The first day of this class. When I had enrolled in this course I was a Criminal Investigations Division lieutenant overseeing the unit that would be responsible for investigating anything deemed â€Å"Terrorism† for my agency. I was also the supervisor of the Executive Protection Unit. However, between enrollment and theRead MoreDomestic Terrorism Term paper702 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Excelsior College CJ 352 Domestic Terrorism Term Paper What are some of the arguments for or against the use of the internet as an intelligence-gathering tool? The internet is serving as virtual meeting for billions of users. The intelligence-gathering is leveraging the internet using hard data for online links. The social networking sites are the main complementary link to any information. The social networking sites provide the most importantRead MoreTerrorism Research Paper953 Words   |  4 Pagesfreezing of assets, with U.S. policy being â€Å"starving the terrorists of funding and shutting down the institutions that support or facilitate terrorism.† It was already illegal to provide or collect funds for acts of terrorism or to provide material support to designated terrorist organizations . The Office of Foreign Assets Control, within the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network are two bureaus within the U.S. Treasury Department that rely onRead MoreFinal Argument Paper On Terrorism Essay1848 Words   |  8 PagesFinal Argument Paper Introduction Since the brutal attack America received on September 11, 2001, the United States government gave authorization for the use of â€Å"enhanced interrogation techniques† to be performed on terrorism suspects, captured and held within U.S. custody. To obtain useful information that could possibly, save thousands more lives in the future, than were lost that fateful day. It was also used, as a method to help increase current protection methods, and to obtain informationRead MoreThe Effect Of New Media On The Position Paper1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of New Media on the Position Paper Written in the Department of State Introduction The United States Department of State was founded on July 27, 1789. This institution moves forward under its mission statement, which is â€Å"to shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere† (State Dept Website). With world events proceeding in an alarming direction, such as theRead MoreTerroism1408 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism Paper Stacy McCarson CJS/235 July 2016 Viviyonne Lee Terrorism Paper Terrorism is a critical issue that the world faces today. The stressful part is not knowing when an attack will happen and the location. Terrorism not only effects the people but the government as well because its purpose is a political reason. According to  Federal Bureau Investigation   Ã‚  (2016), â€Å"Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidateRead MoreTerrorism Is Very Real For Mnes Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with implications for both theory and practice. The research question addressed by this exploratory study is how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to absorb and endure future terrorist attacks. This paper contributes to the international Read MoreTerrorism And International Business Research1130 Words   |  5 PagesSadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level research provides a theoreticalRead MoreUnited States Department Of State1748 Words   |  7 Pagesthat falls under the umbrella of terrorism.   Terrorism, while difficult to define, still has a few key features that are mostly agreed upon. These features will be explored in depth through a discussion of the definition. Following the definition of terrorism, the paper will examine the cartels in Mexico. Their history, their goals, and their strategies will all be important for determining whether they should fall under the umbrella of terrorism. Finally, this paper will argue that the cartels inRead MoreDoc on Terra626 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: DOCUMENTARIES ON TERRORISM Documentaries on Terrorism by Donna Browne A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CJ 212 Heroism Saint Thomas Aquinas Collage Fall 2011 How is Terrorism Financed Introduction As we live is this world we are faced with all types of diversities. However the main diversity that the world has been facing is terrorism. Within the last decade, terrorism has hit the United States hard

Jonathan Edwards Essay - 982 Words

Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) is widely recognized as one of America’s most profound Theologians. Some might even consider him the master of Puritan revival, since he was the leader of the Great Awakening. During his time he was a devout Calvinist who had the power of single-handedly keeping the Puritan faith strong for over twenty-five years, by using vivid imagery to provoke his audience. Edwards dialect was exquisitely influential and yet wielded with class and ease. This essay argues that Edwards was a prestigious theologian in his time that helped shape modern religious culture. From an early stage Edwards was influenced by his family tremendously. â€Å"As the only boy, he was the center of attention. From early years his parents†¦show more content†¦To Stoddard, the idea of â€Å"fostering conversions was more important than discovering a perfect church order, and in that attitude he blazed the way for the most influential practice in American religious history: he was the first American to make periodic revivals a centerpiece of his ministry† . Every decade his congregation would experience an â€Å"awakening† in which many people were moved spiritually and often lead to conversion. Some of these revivals even made it past Northampton and into the neighboring communities, directly impacting young Edwards and his family, for Edwards’s father rejected the half-way covenant but endorsed revival. These disagreements divided his family and remained unresolved for decades . In 1726 Edwards moved to Northampton to help his grandfather as assistant pastor, â€Å"he was probably more inclined to agree with the stricter views of his father rather than with his grandfather’s more open policy regarding communicant membership, but for the time being, an agreement to disagree seems to have prevailed† . When Solomon Stoddard died in February 1729, Edwards assumed full responsibility of the congregation. Wi th the inheritance of the congregation came considerable expectations, considering Northampton regarded Solomon as a sort of deity. â€Å"New England’s occasional awakenings and other efforts to revive piety were part of an international ‘pietist’ movement† .Show MoreRelatedJonathan Edwards : Early Colonial Theologist And Religious Revivalist1533 Words   |  7 PagesJonathan Edwards: Early Colonial Theologist and Religious Revivalist Jonathan Edwards (1703-1759) played a historic part in American Christianity as we know it today. He was a notorious religious figure during a time when Congregationalists were determined to adhere to the religious styles of old. His intellectual and theological reason, along with his fervent zeal fueled by the Holy Spirit, makes him one of the greatest evangelistic preachers and apologists of all time. His life, works, andRead MoreJonathan Edwards : A Great Shepherd Of Early Colonial Theology And Revivalism1214 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Edwards: A Great Shepherd of Early Colonial Theology and Revivalism Jonathan Edwards (1703-1759) played a historical part in American Christianity as we know it today. He was a notorious religious figure during a time when Congregationalists were determined to adhere to the religious styles of old. His intellectual and theological reason, along with his fervent zeal fueled by the Holy Spirit, makes him one of the greatest evangelistic preachers and apologists of all time. His life,Read More Some Notes Concerning Affections and the Sublime in the Work of Jonathan Edward4475 Words   |  18 PagesSome Notes Concerning Affections and the Sublime in the Work of Jonathan Edward Jonathan Edwards’s attention to the separation of the body from the soul combined with his efforts to account for the spirit of revivalism during the â€Å"Great Awakening† implicates the sublime as both a rhetorical tool and psychological experience that, in either case, foregrounds the relationship between an individual’s perception of the self and his or her relationship to a community. Comparing Edwards’s personalRead MoreEssay On Jonathan Edwards1291 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Edwards his sermons and works Prospectus draft HIUS 435-D01 August 4, 2017 Joel Leviten Jonathan Edwards was born October 5th, 1703 in East Windsor Connecticut, he was the son of Timothy Edwards who was also a preacher. Jonathan Edwards was a preacher, philosopher, and a Protestant Theologian. Jonathan Edwards was known as the most important and one of the original philosophical theologians of all times. In my Prospectus paper, I will be discussing the sermons andRead MoreThe Life of Jonathan Edwards3484 Words   |  14 PagesBaptist Theological Seminary The Life of Jonathan Edwards A Paper Submitted to Dr. Gregory Tomlin In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course American Christianity CHHI 692 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Biographical Outline 4-5 Survey of Edwards Life 5-18 Work Written By Jonathan Edwards 19-20 Bibliography 21-22 Abstract Through out Jonathan Edwards’ life he focused on preaching and expressing his views andRead MoreJonathan Edwards And The Great Awakening1080 Words   |  5 Pagespreachers such as George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards sparked a religious shift and revitalisation known as the Great Awakening. Edwards, influenced by enlightenment thinkers Berkeley and Locke, pioneered ideas and practices that would reshape the protestant church and American society. Jonathan Edwards transformed the religious and ideological landscape of the American public because of his large scale influence and role in the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards had a large scale influence on AmericanRead MoreJonathan Edwards : The Great Awakening1210 Words   |  5 PagesMinna Autry Mrs. Nicki Brewer American Literature 20 November 2015 Title Jonathan Edwards was one of the most famed evangelical preachers in the Age of the Great Awakening. He is best known for his most impactful sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.† Edwards preached with fury and conviction of the All Great our God. He preached for the wanderers; those lost in their spiritual belief. Edwards uses a wide variety of figurative language and rhetorical techniques to urge unregenerate ChristiansRead MoreJonathan Edwards And Nathaniel Hawthorne1294 Words   |  6 Pagesthe effort, perfection is unattainable and something that should not be feared by anyone. Famous Puritan authors Jonathan Edwards and Nathaniel Hawthorne in their works give the same impression as Dali, they both believe that the strive for perfection is both unrealistic and unattainable. In regard to the unattainably of perfection Hawthorne and Edwards’ opinions differ greatly, Edwards believes that even though perfection is unrealistic, one can and should sti ll strive for it, while Hawthorne onRead MoreThe Great Awakening By Jonathan Edwards1231 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat insight to the basis of how the revival effected the way of life and thinking of the colonies. They quote different events and impacts the Great Awakening had on the people and how it influenced them in some ways. The first article is from Jonathan Edwards, a Congregationalist minister in New England. It is titled, â€Å"Some Thoughts Concerning the Present Revival of Religion (1743)†. He goes on to tell us how the moment of the Great Awakening is causing a major change in the people of colonial AmericaRead MoreWhose Time Had Come838 Words   |  3 Pagescovenant members than that of devout Christians (Worrell, 4). The churches plan to save Christianity in their towns was quickly realized to be a larger problem than was an aid. One of the prominent leaders in the First Great Awakening was Jonathan Edwards. Jonathan Edwards grew up in a stern, Christian home (Worrell, 5). The descendant of two preachers, he took to the religious lifestyle at a young age (5). Although he was guided in the right direction, he often struggled with questions of the God he served

War Is One Of The Biggest Atrocities That Man Must Commit Free Essays

After looking through the slideshow for this portion of the class I felt a mixture of sadness and hope, disgust and inspiration, confusion and clarity. These images bounce back and forth from a crying child to one who has had access to medical attention, a naked child screaming in terror in the streets to an image of the same woman as an adult, happy and healthy. War is one of the biggest atrocities that man must commit but at the same time people are never as beautiful or as courageous as when they are in the midst of crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on War Is One Of The Biggest Atrocities That Man Must Commit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Take the picture of the Young Beggar’s in Saigon for example. This picture is bittersweet. It is extremely sad but also really beautiful. The infant in the box makes me want to weep but I am comforted by the fact that these two young people are holding hands. They have each other. If nothing else these two have that little human contact that will make their situation bearable. Other examples of this include the shoeshine boys who have congregated together to form a young Saigon gang. Is this an ideal picture, no, but it is real. These children may have to grow up quickly but they have each other and they are living the only childhood they will ever know. But then there are photos of the young victims of war, bombing victims and women trying to smuggle her children out of the war zone. These are not pretty pictures but again they illustrate the beauty of the human spirit. Could I appreciate life if I had never seen with my own eyes the sadness of a life taken too soon? Could anyone ever know real strength and courage if they had never felt the tinges of fear? There were other pictures that were slightly confusing, such as the photo of the US Marine giving the young girl a cigarette. At first I thought, â€Å"Why would he give such a young child a cigarette? † But then I realized it was because that was all this soldier had to give. I am sure that being an American, used to children having the right to grow up healthy and safe, makes it difficult to see children growing up in the midst of a war zone. It makes one want to â€Å"rescue† each other. And again that is admirable. Look at the girls face in that photo. She is radiant. She is the lightness in an otherwise bleak world. In response, I really don’t know who the â€Å"good† guys are and who the â€Å"bad† guys are in these photos. And truly I don’t know that it matters. I was truck by the strength and beauty that was represented here. Look at the faces in these pictures and you see strength, perseverance, tradition and even love. For example, look at the woman in the photo A Vietnamese Woman, the trials and tribulations of life are etched all over her face. Ultimately these photos represent the good and the bad, the yin and yang of humanity. For some strange reason man does not appreciate life until life is taken away. And unfortunately the world is a better place after we have had to clean up the rubble of war and human greed. Somehow in the midst of destruction we find the strength to help each other, pick up where we left off. Yet, when all is well in the world we get greedy and seek to destroy. These images are timeless. Despite our disgust at seeing a young child tortured we, as a race, will continue to commit these crimes. Maybe as a species man has self destructive tendencies. Maybe we can only appreciate the beauty of life when we see the ugliness in death. How to cite War Is One Of The Biggest Atrocities That Man Must Commit, Essays

Individual Creating A Business Opportunity â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Individual Creating Such A Business Opportunity? Answer: Introduction Entrepreneurship is a process through which an individual can design, launch and run a new business. The individual creating such a business opportunity is called as an entrepreneur. The term typically focuses on the launching and running a business. Running a business involves lot of risk in an initial stage. For gaining market competency, it is important for a business enterprise to be aware about the booming industry. This will allow the business to grow in a multi-dimensional way. The following proposal reviews the fast-food business future prospect in Australia (Drucker, 2014). It further distributes the sustainable objectives that are important for a business organization in dealing with the issue. An individual can gain sustainable objectives by developing concrete goals. It is important to form an effective alliance by gaining competitive advantage. This will allow the business organization to gain a competitive advantage by understanding the market requirement. The restauran t industry in Australia is doing extremely well. They can only gain a competitive advantage by understanding the market requirements and functioning accordingly (Kirzner, 2015). The business organization needs to enter into the marketing by understanding the growing business prospect. It is widely recommended that the business organization need to deploy effectiveness through an effective framework. It will allow the business to manage the future challenges and gain appropriateness. In a long run, it is important for a business organization to develop effectiveness through different business techniques. It is advantageous for the business in gaining a competitive advantage (Kuratko, 2016). Brief description of the industry and market In the recent time, the Consumer health awareness has transformed the Fast Food Services industry. The overall Industry demand has been affected by augmented awareness about the nutritional content of fast food. People are turning towards the healthy options due to increased awareness. Industry operators have countered by bringing in a range of healthier, premium choices with less fat, sugar and salt. The change in consumer fondness has led to an invasion of new operators contributing higher quality fast-food options. The overall participation in the fast food industry has gone up combining with rising prices as demand for premium products has increased. It is expected that the drive for revenue growth will increase by 3.0% over 2016-17. The Revenue is predicted to increase by an annualised 3.9%. Fast Food Services industry is presently at the mature phase of its life cycle. The forecasted post annualised growth is expected to be 2.3% over the 10 years through 2021-22, while comparin g it with an annualised rise in Australian GDP of 2.5%. There is a slight deficit of the wider economy over the 10-year period. There is a continuous demand for the healthy food options; however the overall deficit has been determined by weaker revenue development and strong opposition from external sources. There is a serious competition in the industry from supermarkets, restaurants and convenience stores (IBIS WORLD 2017). Following are the products provided by the entrepreneur in the fast food industry: Burgers Pizza Chicken-based fast food Sandwiches, salads and juices Desserts and confectionery Other fast food Type or Entrepreneurship The type of Entrepreneurship depends upon many factors like availability of fund, and deriving the capabilities according to the type of venture an individual is making. Independent, Family, Corporate and Franchise are the four type of entrepreneurial venture in todays business context. In order to make a successful growth, it is necessary for a business organization to develop concrete objectives that will help him in adding sustainable growth and development. In the current context, it is important for a business organization to develop a business venture through an effective procedure. This will allow the organization in managing the business in an effective way. The success of a venture resides on number of factors like human, financial and material resources. These factors accompany in making an effective business organization. . Independent business organization is the one who takes all the decision in the organization pertaining to the business. All the major decisions are tak en by the entity (Schaper, Volery, Weber and Gibson, 2014). The corporation is a business organization established to gain effectiveness. It is a form of business operation that states that the business is a separate, legal entity directed by a group of people known as board of directors. A Family business is the one carried out by the people in a family from years. The business is carried forward by the future generation. This allow in gaining sustainable objectives and attaining longevity (Baum, Frese and Baron, 2014). Franchising is a business which provides right to use a firm's business model and brand for an agreed time-period. It is one of the finest models for the fast food restaurant industry. There are international food-chains that can easily be established through an effective franchising model. The model helps in integrating the function in the most effective way. Majority of fast-food chains are based on the franchising model. This model is effective in gaining market potential and to deliberately gain concrete market objectives. Depending upon the current market opportunity and growth, it is important for the business enterprise to develop an effective entrepreneurial venture in order to manage the business (Bhachu, 2017). Benefits and drawbacks of each of the four options Independent, Family, Corporate and Franchise Business Venture Benefits Drawback Independent The sole proprietor takes all the major decision related to the business. There is no external intervention to the business. All the decision regarding the sale or transfer takes place at the judgment of the business-man. No corporation tax payments Negligible legal costs to establish a business organization (Scott, 2006). Fewer business requirements The individual is held personally liable for the debts and obligation of the business. The risk pertaining to the business extends to him individually All responsibilities and business decisions depend upon the individual. There are fewer investors in the business organization (Szirmai, Naud and Goedhuys, 2011). Corporation Shareholders are not liable for any debts or for the decision handed down against the corporation. The Shareholders are responsible to the extent of their equity in the corporation. More funds can be raised by selling shares in the corporation. They may deduct extra benefits it provides to employees and officers. In order to form a corporation, more time and money is required than any other business structure. The government agencies monitor corporations on a regular basis. The Corporate profits are liable to higher overall taxes as the government taxes profits at the corporate level. In addition, a corporation might not presume any dividends paid to the shareholders (ACS and Audretsch, 2005). Family Stability: The Family business are more stable and typically determines the business is known for the longevity in leadership, resulting in constancy within the organization Commitment: The business organization meets all the pre-requisites that make the business more committed and accountable (Wu and Huarng, 2015). Flexibility: The business is flexible enough to meet the expectations of an individual. An individual can work in his own way. Long-term Outlook: The business runs for a longer time-period in order to meet goals. Decreased Cost: The family members work at their will and contribute their finances to guarantee long?term success of the organization (Tidd and Bessant, 2015). Family Conflict: there can be a Conflict in between the members resulting in disturbances. This may affect the family relationships, and the type of disapproval that comes with familiarity. Unstructured Governance: There are disturbance in the organization due to Governance issues such as internal hierarchies and rules. The business organization takes an inability to follow and adhere to external corporate laws that tend to be taken less seriously at family businesses. This affect the business against the trust inherent at family firms Nepotism:Some of the family businesses are unenthusiastic to let outsiders into the top tier, This affect the business organization and result in balancing skills, education, or experience Succession Planning: In the absence of a succession plan it is difficult for the business organization to gain effective leadership. The family business might fail due to unavailability of a succession plan. It is important for a business organization to put-forward a plan in order to gain success. It is important to manage the business organization. Franchising It is one of the most effective way through which an international business organization enter into the market. This reduces the risk of business failure. The business is already based on the proven idea that decreases the futuristic loss. Products and services are already established in market. Consequently there is no need to do market testing. A recognized brand name and trade mark will benefit the business organization through advertising or promotion. The franchisor supports the business that includes training, help setting up the business etc. No prior experience is required to operate the franchise. In this way the small business can compete with big businesses, due to the pool of support from the franchisor. One can enjoy the exchange rights in their territory. The franchisor won't trade any other franchises in the same location. Financing the business is easier. The financial institutions are more expected to lend money to buy a franchise. One can get benefit from communicating and sharing ideas and receiving support the network. Relationships with suppliers can easily be established in this business structure. The cost may be higher than expected. The initial cost of buying a franchising is higher that is difficult for an individual to manage. The franchise agreement includes restrictions that might affect an easy flow of business. The franchisor continuously overview the business due to his intrusive nature. The franchisor goes out of business (Hagen, Denicolai and Zucchella, 2014). Other franchisees may affect the brand reputation. It is difficult to sell franchise and can sell it to someone accepted by the franchisor. All profits are usually shared with the franchisor. The rigid nature of a franchise restricts capability to develop changes to the business. This will help me in managing the business in the most appropriate way by developing the business. Benefits and drawbacks of buying an existing business compared to starting one from scratch In order to start a business organization it is important to manage the operations in case of organizing a business. It is tough for an individual too start a business from scratch. For that purpose it is necessary to collect the resources and to execute the plan accordingly. If an individual wants to establish a new business he has to make sure that he has enough resources. It is important, for managing a business enterprise it is evident to arrange the resources in the most appropriate way (Link, 2017). The business organization strengths and weakness depend upon the utilization of the different factors. While starting a business from a scratch it, is tough to deploy all the resources in an effective way. People might find difficulty in managing the resources from scratch. They have to invest time on every peculiar object in the organization. This creates a mess for an individual who is planning to invest in the business for the future prospect. It is important for an individual to meet the future contingencies all alone. This will create problem for an individual to proceed with in a better way (Mitra, 2013). In case of an established business it is easy for an individual to move forward. The resources are available easily leading to easiness in conducting a business. For a business organization it is important to manage the resources in an appropriate way, any scarcity of resources can lead to business failure. For the restaurant business it is recommended to buy a new business from a scratch. This will help in adding creative idea into the business organization. In this way the business can gain a competitive advantage over other. By developing effective changes into the business, it is easy to gain economies of scale. The purpose of a business organization is to meet the objectives by deriving long term goals. A business organization can only survive, if it has added some competitive advantage to their business. The new venture should manage the business by adding creative idea that stimulates the business process. This will be helpful for a business organization in order to derive goals (Lee, Hallak and Sardeshmukh, 2016). Recommendations Hence, it is important for an individual to implement an effective business model tool. This tool will help in growth of the business. Effectiveness in a business can only be derived if the business has as vision. It is recommended to enter through a franchisee. This allows the business organization to grow in a diversified way and to use resources in a better way. The change in consumer fondness has led to an invasion of new operators contributing higher quality fast-food options. The overall participation in the fast food industry has gone up combining with rising prices as demand for premium products has increased. This is creating an overall impact on the business process. In order to manage the business in a better way, it is recommended to manage the resources for the purpose of franchising. This process allows an individual to develop a business enterprise in a well organized way. Depending upon the current market opportunity and growth, it is important for the business enterp rise to develop an effective entrepreneurial venture in order to manage the business. This is important for a business to develop the resources in an effective way. The purpose should be to gain a profit in order to remain competitive in the market. The purpose of the business organization is to manage the changes and to be a pioneer. Franchising model helps in integrating the function in the most effective way. Majority of fast-food chains are based on the franchising model. This model is effective in gaining market potential and to deliberately gain concrete market objectives. Conclusion To Conclude, It is evident for a business organization to derive the policies keeping in mind the growing necessity. The structure of the business should be focused on growth and development. One can attain the concrete objectives by deriving effectiveness at work. It is important to manage the ongoing challenges and to gain competitiveness. An individual can gain sustainable objectives by developing concrete goals. It is important to form an effective alliance by gaining competitive advantage. This will allow the business organization to gain a competitive advantage by understanding the market requirement. For a business enterprise it is necessary to choose a better model. References Acs, Z.J. and Audretsch, D.B., 2005. Entrepreneurship, innovation and technological change.Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship,1(4), pp.149-195. Baum, J.R., Frese, M. and Baron, R.A. eds., 2014.The psychology of entrepreneurship. Psychology Press. Bhachu, P. ed., 2017.Immigration and entrepreneurship: culture, capital, and ethnic networks. Routledge. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Hagen, B., Denicolai, S. and Zucchella, A., 2014. International entrepreneurship at the crossroads between innovation and internationalization.Journal of International Entrepreneurship,12(2), pp.111-114. IBIS WORLD 2017, Fast Food Services in Australia. Online. Availabe at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/accommodation-food-services/fast-food-services.html Accessed on: 10 September 2017 Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Lee, C., Hallak, R. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2016. Innovation, entrepreneurship, and restaurant performance: a higher-order structural model.Tourism Management,53, pp.215-228. Link, A.N., 2017. Ideation, entrepreneurship, and innovation.Small Business Economics,48(2), pp.279-285. Mitra, J., 2013.Entrepreneurship, innovation and regional development: an introduction. Routledge. Schaper, M.T., Volery, T., Weber, P.C. and Gibson, B., 2014.Entrepreneurship and small business. Scott, A.J., 2006. Entrepreneurship, innovation and industrial development: geography and the creative field revisited.Small business economics,26(1), pp.1-24. Szirmai, A., Naud, W. and Goedhuys, M. eds., 2011.Entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development. Oxford University Press. Tidd, J. and Bessant, J., 2015.Innovation and entrepreneurship(No. 3). Wiley. Wu, C.W. and Huarng, K.H., 2015. Global entrepreneurship and innovation in management

20 Persuasive Essay Topics on the Social Aspect of Sports

20 Persuasive Essay Topics on the Social Aspect of Sports It doesn’t matter how good you write, if you choose a bad topic you will find it difficult to leave a mark. Without an appropriate topic, it’s very difficult to even start writing. We already provided you with valuable information in our 10 facts for a persuasive essay on sports as a social institution guide. In this second guide, we’ve collected 20 sports persuasive essay topics so you can start writing them right away. Furthermore, we’ve also included a persuasive sample essay on one of the 20 topics, which will serve well to assist you. We highly recommend that you thoroughly read our third guide which is the perfect manual for writing a persuasive essay. It eases you into writing a better and more precise persuasive essay that is not only compelling to the eyes of the reader, but also a piece that comes off as professional and elegant too. With that said, here are 20 sports topics on social aspect: How Sports is Reshaping Global Politics Effects of Sports on Global Culture Sports’ Role as a Social Institution How Sports is Making a Difference in Intercultural Relations Sports as an Instrument to Unite People Around the World Sports A Powerful Tool to Foster Peace and Mutual Understanding How Sport is Used as Means of Power and Development Influence of Sports on People’s Lives How Sports Have Changed Our Culture Role of Sports in Ancient Civilizations Correlation of Sports with Culture and Religion Why Sports is a Necessity for People Reasons Behind the Creation of Sports Relation of Sports with Other Social Institutions How Sports Influence Social and Economic Status of an Individual Sports’ Influence on Political Identities How Sports have Promoted Thousands of Players Worldwide Sports and The Reason it Is a Part of Everyone’s Lives Global Revenue of Sports and How it Affects Economic Systems Sports and its Influence on Media and Television You’ll find plenty of information on these topics, but still, we’ve included 7 references from where we collected the topics, just so you know. To make things easier, we’ve written a sample persuasive essay on one of the topics above. Sample Persuasive Essay: Sports and Its Influence on Media and Television Ever since sports became a part of media and television series, it’s become very close to a convergence. Through new digital technologies, sports and entertainment industries have risen to a challenge where they are able to change and shape the way we spend our leisure time and entertain ourselves. Even though economic times have recently been troubled, sports continued to thrive and become more popular than ever. However, lower tier events find it difficult to get the attention they need – they have to work a lot harder than major events to achieve their desired viewership. Since we are seeing a major breakthrough in media and a remarkable competition between entertainment industries, sports have focused more on providing value for money by delivering added entertainment segments and more. Sports have also been used to attract viewers into watching lead-out programs that are not as popular as they aim to be. For example, one of the most watched programs in American television history was the 2011 Super Bowl; it gave 27 million viewers to Glee, the lead-out program had almost doubled its usual view score. Through social media channels, sports have continued to offer entertaining and personalized opportunities to their fans by creating a two-way communication. It allows fans to get personal with sports protagonists, personalities and athletes and on the other hand, enables sponsors to embed their brand and have an understanding of how fans perceive their brand. It’s a great way to provide and manage the quality and value of convergence between sports and entertainment industries. Through the use of internet media, television advertising and improved economic conditions, entertainment industries have increased the global revenue of sports in 2015 and in the future, pay-TV penetration will be the leading driver to boost revenue as most of the sports programs are migrating to pay-TV platforms. The convergence of sports and media has attracted more viewers than they ever did alone. Sports have been a dominant social institution to influence, inspire and attract different aspect of identities and individuals. This convergence has not only led to billions of revenue in the United States alone, but it has also brought different nations and cultures to a big intercultural unification. Through the media, sports have become a leading social institution and serve as a platform for debate, gossip, reviews, scandals, feats and more. This covers it! You are on your way to writing a compelling and ideal persuasive essay on sports as a social institution. Be sure to follow our third and final writer’s guide for a persuasive essay on sports as a social institution, which will greatly help in writing a clear and concise essay that persuades your audience to agree with your point of view. References: Hardin, M., Greer, J. D. (2009). The influence of gender-role socialization, media use and sports participation on perceptions of gender-appropriate sports. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(2), 207. Horne, J. (2006). Sport in consumer culture.Sport in consumer culture. Palgrave Macmillan. Jhally, S. (1989). Cultural studies and the sports/media complex. Media, sports, and society, 70-93. Coakley, J. J. (1997). Sport in society: issues controversies.Sport in society: issues controversies.. McGraw-Hill Inc. FREY, JH; EITZEN, DS; 1991 â€Å"Sport and Society – Annual Review of Sociology† Volume 17, Pages 503-522 Annual Reviews Inc. Coakley, J. J. (1997). Sport in society: issues controversies.Sport in society: issues controversies.. McGraw-Hill Inc.   YÄ ±lmaz Kaplan, Demet Tekinay, Dr. Alkan Ugurlu; 2013 â€Å"Social Status of Sport: Sport as a Social Event, Phenomenon and Institution† International Journal of Science, Culture and Sports. iscsjournal.com/Makaleler/588422276_8ugurlu.pdf

The Concept of The Natural Step essays

The Concept of The Natural Step essays Can Natural Step promote sustainability in Organisations? There are three examples where companies have used The Natural Step and the outcomes prove whether it promotes sustainability. The examples shown are Stena Metall AB, an industrial recycling, trading and shipping company. The second example is Scandic Hotels and example three is Interface, a manufacturer of commercial floor covering. The Natural Step is a non- profit environmental education organisation with sight of the socially and ecologically sustainable society. Karl Henrik Robert, a cancer doctor in Sweden, discovered Natural Step in 1989. He noticed an increase in childhood leukaemia cases and seen and understood an association between human illnesses and toxins. The approach for The Natural Step is to develop their framework, and put it to use in companies and other organisations. They intend to support it, plus Work towards becoming role models in the domain of sustainable development. Internet. The Natural Step promotes sustainability, and to define sustainability this is when materials are used in continuous cycles, reliable sources of energy is used continuously, and qualities of being human is sustainable. Examples would be as follows: creativity, co-ordination, appreciation, and spiritual and intellectual development. Internet The Natural Step sets out a framework to guide companies and organisations in a direction towards sustainable development and defines the framework it lays out. The purpose of the framework is to explain in the simplest terms so that companies can understand it and integrate in their everyday work. It includes four core processes: i. Understanding the nature of business and society that is unsustainable and the interest of inspiring towards sustainability. ii. Understanding the principles for sustainability, i.e., the four systems Conditions. iii. Strategic visioning through back-casting from a desired sustain...

Societal Changes in Women Status 30s-70s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Societal Changes in Women Status 30s-70s - Essay Example These changes as represented by the pendulum have political and economic influences being the major cause affecting these changes. However, individual women have impressively changed the concept of the woman as gender perception as seen by Maya Angelou who during the world second war aspired to be a street car conductor and ended up being the first African American street car conductor thanks to her relentless applications (Collins, 2003). In his intriguing and captivating book, Collins gives examples of heroines like Hannah Dustan who in 1697 escaped from her captors by slitting them and returned to her home to a jubilated welcome. The book gives a wide range of inspiring examples of women thus the other meaning of the pendulum swinging wide. There are quite a number of historical facts that paved way to the behavior of women in the 20th century particularly between the 1930s to the 1970s. For example, in 1637 the law had to be changed after Ann fowler was sentenced to 20 lashes when she verbally abused a county justice by the name of Adam Thorowgood in Virginia (Walsh, 2010). It was then stated that husbands were no longer liable for damages caused by their wives. In Pennsylvania, single impoverished women were forced to wear bras with the letter P which stood for pauper whenever they appeared in public. In world war two, there were over 1000 women pilots, but they could only fly planes that were grounded. This meant that they could not leave the ground, so they only towed the planes for either takeoff or landing for inexperienced male pilots. Despite this, over 80% of the reading public was female at the time. This had a positive impact on American scholarship history, for women were inevitably placed on the same class as the men. The book celebrates women like the Grimke sisters, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth, Jane Addams, and Dolores Huerta who have arguably influenced the behavior of women in the 1920s and beyond. It is reported that the American Government and cultural leaders sent mixed messages to women regarding their social status, work, education and family through domestic policies gender roles and design of their positions in society. The American government having been influenced by philosophical advocates under nongovernmental organizations on gender equality weakened the family by legitimizing divorce. It also had no policy that supports in any way, infertile women giving rise to promiscuity and rise of immorality. More so infertile women had a high probability of dying during pregnancy and feared to give birth leading to a lower birthrate during the 1920s, and the government still did not address this issue (Smith, 2005). The cultural leaders particularly the Catholics in the na me of ‘modernity’ reduced the number of grants for memorial masses for the dead. This in turn no longer inspired the young generation to give birth to a new generation. So population did not grow as intended, and marriage, which is the sole unit for conception was not as recognized as should have been. In his book ‘utopia against the family’ Bryce J. Christensen mentions organizations like the American home economics declaring that families have nothing to do with blood marriage legal ties or adoption, instead states that it is of two or more persons who share similar resources, responsibilities goals and virtues over a period of time. Politicians and the media have picked this mentality and spread it

Laser Printer and Government Intervention Case Study

Laser Printer and Government Intervention - Case Study Example In other words, this is represented by the area a+b+c+d. On the other hand, the producer’s surplus is represented by the variation between the marginal cost of production and the revenue earned (P1). This is the area f+g+h. The producer surplus corresponds to the profits minus the fixed cost. However, production of Q results into externality effects such as lack of market for the home produced cartridges. This is represented by the Marginal External Cost (MEC). Considering that such costs do not change, then it means that the entire cost to the society regarding the production of Q is the marginal society curve, as represented by MSC = MPC + MEC. Q1, which is an external cost, corresponds to the area: c + d + e + f + g + h. The intervention of the Kuwait government through the imposition of tax on the imported cartridges is aimed at internalizing the externality, which is arrived at after taking consideration the external cost of production (Barthold 133). If the government imposes a constant importation tax on every unit of cartridge imported so that this raises the cost of production, which corresponds to the MSC curve, then it means that the new market will be represented by P2 and Q2. Lower quantity and a higher price will occur as a result of the government regulation. Area (a) is the consumer surplus at the new equilibrium and (h) is the producer surplus. Area b + c + f represent the government tax collection. The tax’s deadweight loss (DWL) is represented by d+g. Nonetheless, b + c + f, is the external cost, which is avoided. This means that the net benefit from the government intervention is d + e + g - d - g = e > 0, which is: MEC-DWL. To find out whether the imposed tax is really efficient, then a benefit-cost analysis should be conducted. Assuming that the producers are supposed to pay extra tax, their surplus will be represented by the area (b), in which case area c + f + h is the elevated production costs resultingà ‚  from the government intervention. As the output decreases from Q1 to Q2, some jobs are lost, though more jobs are gained when the home industries employ more people (Barthold 135).

Construction Techniques for Bridges

Construction Techniques for Bridges Structure of report An extensive part of this report was dedicated to the literature review. Though actually the most interesting part is the one which concerns to the results of the vulnerability of bridge of the case study, it is not admissible to neglect all the general considerations based on an extensively research in technical text, through which was possible to determine the specific structure, the method and the phases of construction, the type of analysis to be carried out and in which way the results have to be read. Indeed close attention is needed in interpreting the results due to limitations of the specific case under consideration and at the same time because of the need to generalize the specific results for use on a larger scale of projects. In the literature review section of the report a general study about bridges has been developed. This has been done investigating the history, the evolution, as well as the technologies and trends of bridge design, with particular attention to recent developments in California. Construction techniques have also been analyzed in more details referring to many important projects, based on international literature, scientific journals and technical books. Then the earthquake section was covered. In the section about Codes of practice an overview of the most important aspects has been made and few tables of interested have been attached to justify the choices made in the case study. Type of Analysis of previous papers The second part, elaborated with the support of the software SAP2000 BRIDGE Modeler, follows the development of the project of a common bridge in California according to the local and currents codes of practice. Literature review An extensive literature review was conducted to understand which is the state of the research and the interest of the codes in assured performance behavior of the bridges during phases of construction. Bridges Among all the engineering sciences, bridge engineering is one of the most complex because involves in itself a lot of disciplines, from technical to aesthetic, from environmental to social, from economic to political aspects. Without any doubt the technical and the economic factors are those that strongly influence engineers choices in designing a bridge, but they do not cover all the design process. Using Troitsky words Planning and designing bridges is part art and part compromise (Chen, Lian Duan, 1999). For understanding recent trends in bridge design and construction it is of high importance to consider the development that bridge engineering has undergone during centuries. History illustrates that social and economical changes in a nation have been reflected on bridge engineering development. At different historical moments, various types of bridges have been built for many purposes with the new technologies at each time. From the 19th century, due to the big industrial growth, bridges have been built essentially as part of the transportation system. During the 20th century, bridge engineering has been characterized by big changes in the structural solutions and methods of constructions because of the diffusion of the reinforced concrete. The designers had finally a large possibility of choices between materials, methods of constructions and technologies of analysis. This led to the actual scenario where multiple type of bridges are in operation highlighting the wide creativity of bridge engineers. Designing a bridge, the main important parameters to take in account in choosing the best solution are: location, span, material, type of foundation, scheme of the bridge, type of superstructure, type of supports, method of construction. Regarding materials, nowdays timber is used only for temporary bridges, then for ordinary bridges the choice is between reinforced concrete and steel. Depending on the span of the structure one material is to be preferred to the other. For spans between 65ft and 330ft reinforced concrete gives the best compromise, for spans greater than 330 ft steel is recommended. The span influences also the system of the bridge: for small and medium spans a beam bridge is commonly used, for spans longer than 160 ft an arch system could be adviced and a suspended bridge can be the solution for very long span bridges. These are only indication, and every single case has to be evalued considering limitations due to location, codes, cost and typical bridge of the area . It is a good rule of practice to consider typical projects recent designed in the area in which there is the purpose of insert a new bridge structure, if the medium-span is the one of interest. (Chen, Lian Duan, 1999). Structural Types This paragraph intends to provide a list of the several commonly used types of bridges, highlighting the differences for geometry, analysis, economy. This list is not to be intended complete, as other type of bridges may be design, in which case, specific deep studies have to be done in order to analyse the particular solution. According to Raina it is possible to categorize bridges in six different types of superstructure regarding the material which is made of. Materials commonly used for building the superstructure of permanent bridges are: Reinforced Concrete Prestressed Concrete Masonry Steel Mix of steel and reinforced concrete or mix of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete Special superstructures with cables For each material there are possibilities of different kinds of sections. 1. Reinforced Concrete Superstructures can be simple span or continuous span; balanced cantilever, arch or frame, tipically utilized for short span bridges. Some parts may be precast. Solid Slab Used for spans between 5 and 14 meters Slab and girder (T-beam bridges) Used for spans between 14 and 25 meters Hollow box girder Used for spans between 25 and 70 meters Characterized by a high torsional resistance, is suitable for curved paths. 2. Prestressed Concrete Superstructures can be simple, balanced or free cantilever, or continuous span. It is possible to have segmental cast in situ or precast solutions. Prestressed Concrete superstructures cover medium spans. Hollow slab Used for spans between 10 and 25 meters Slab and girder (Girder bridges) Hollow box girder 3. Masonry superstructures have been associated with arch bridges in the past centuries. This type of bridges is not of relevant importance for this study, which is relative to new bridges under construction. 4. Steel Superstructure typically consists in a steel truss deck and covers long spans. 5. Composite superstructures can have the following deck types: Longitudinal plate girder and transverse beam girder with concrete slab Longitudinal and transverse beam girder with concrete slab Longitudinal box girder with concrete slab The deck arrangement can be simple span or continuous span, or arch and covers medium and long spans. 5. Special superstructure Cable stayed bridges Suspended bridges These structures are of relatively new conception and in last century have been used for long span solutions. (V.K.Raina, 1994). New trends According to Caltrans informations, in California the majority of bridges have been built with the cast-in-place (CIP) technique (See also fig.x?). This method of construction provides a good compromise between bridge cost and seismic performance of the structure. Commonly CIP system requires big effort in design and preparation at the site; often needs framework to support and long time for casting and finishing. An ever-increasing requests of new way of transportation has been registered due to the rapid growth of population and the high economic standards, added to the aging of infrastructures and the introduction of new seismic design criteria. The transportation planners are searching for new solutions that can accelerate highway and bridge construction in alternative to the traditional ones. Caltrans engineers are looking at precasting to try to achieve the Accelerating Bridge Construction (ABC); they are developing research and studies to understand the effectiveness of precas t solutions in reducing construction time on site and delays in the decongestion of traffic. In the beginning, Caltrans was concerned about the behavior of the precast structures in high seismic zones, because there was not a long tradition in the earthquake prone areas. Precasting has been usually considered having too many points of connection which are weaknesses for seismic performance capabilities. The University of California-San Diego conducted tests on the seismic behavior of precast segmental bridge and the results showed that this kind of method gives desirable performances also for high seismic zones. (Aspire, Spring 2007) In the last 3 years few projects have been completed successfully in California with prefabricated elements, and even if they costed 30% more than it they were built with traditional CIP method, the reduced time-on-site guarantees a overall gain. Economic analysis and Quantity trends In the figure above is graphically shown the trend of the Bridge Construction Cost Index in California over the last 45 years. It is evident how the index cost has been increasing over the decades, although sometimes decrements have been registered. This is possibly due to periods of regressions in the economy of the State or due to improvements in various technical aspects of construction and consequently in the adoption of new, cheaper and better designed solutions. It is very difficult to forecast the cost of bridge engineering works, as they are related to a lot of uncertainty parameters like economic situation, inflation, local environment. By the way an effort in this sense has been done to have some costs of Seismic Codes WHICH SEISMIC CODE AASHTO Standards Specifications give provisions of minimum requirements for conventional bridges with span not exceeding 300ft. There are some general indications about cable-stayed bridges, suspended bridges, arch bridges but these are not fully covered. The fundamental principles on which the Standards are based on are the following points: Structural performance should be ensured without significant damage (elastic range) under small and moderate earthquakes Design has to be carried out applying realistic ground motion accelerations Large earthquake should not cause collapse The Codes are valid for all United States and the seismic risk varies a lot through the Country. Reading the acceleration contours on the hazard map (fig.20?) the acceleration coefficient A, relative to the place of interest, is determined dividing by 100 the value read; the map is based on a return period of 475 years for events with 10% probability of exceedence in 50 years. Four Seismic Performance Categories (SPC) from A to D (AASHTO SDC) or from 1 to 4 (AASHTO LRFD) are defined (fig.20?) on the base of the Acceleration Coefficient (A) and two Importance Classification (IC) parameters categorize every bridge as Essential (I) or Critical (II) regarding its importance (fig. 22?). To take into account the soil conditions a Site Coefficient (S) has to be used in the design process for all type of foundation for approximates the effect of the soil modification on the structural behavior (fig.22?). S coefficient varies from 1 to 2 for soils from rock to soft clays or silts. For those c ases in which is not possible to determine the characterization of the site, a soil Type II with S=1.2 should be assigned. With this specifications the elastic seismic response coefficient Csm has to be calculate for the Tm period of vibration of the structure that corresponds to the mth mode. Csm is defined by the Code (3.10.6.1 AASHTO LRFD) as a function of A, S and Tm. Seismic design forces for substructure and connections have to be determined dividing the elastic forces by the appropriate Response Modification Factor given for each Importance Category of bridge. To consider the variability of the directions in which the earthquake may occur, two combinations of orthogonal seismic forces have to be apply to the superstructure of the bridge with the proportion of 100% and 30% in each direction. The Code (AASHTO LRFD) defines a vertical support as a column if the ratio of the clear high to the maximum dimension of the cross section is not less than 2.5. If the ratio is less than 2 .5, the requirements for piers have to be satisfied. A pier can be analysed as a pier in its strong direction and as a column in the weak one. Analysis Method The objective of seismic design is to define forces which structures are subject to, calculate elastic and inelastic deformations, study the ductile behavior of the structure and verify the ability of the single elements to resist. Different methods of analysis were found in the literature review with different assumptions and for different scopes. Briefly it will be given a list of the methods covered by the codes. Analytical Methods ESA Equivalent Static Analysis EDA Elastic Dynamic Analysis ISA Inelastic Static Analysis Structural System Global Analysis Stand-Alone Local Analysis Transverse Stand-Alone Analysis Longitudinal Stand-Alone analysis Simplified Analysis ESA Equivalent Static Analysis can be used to estimate the displacement demands of those structure with uniform stiffness, responding by the predominant mode of vibration, where dynamic analysis would not give significantly different results. (Cetinkaya, Nakamura,Takahashi,2005) EDA Elastic Dynamic Analysis can be used to estimate the displacement demands of those structures where ESA does not give a good response of the dynamic behavior. The effect of applying design spectral acceleration likely results in stresses exceeding the linear range. This is due to the contribution of the soil, yielding in the structural elements, expansion of the joints. According to recent Caltrans specifications (Caltrans SDC (v.1.5)) an Ordinary Bridge can be analyzed either with Equivalent Static Method or Linear Elastic Dynamic Method for estimating the displacement demands. For establish the displacement capacity of the elements a nonlinear analysis is required to take into account the ductility of the structure. Pushover analysis Case study The case study has been chosen after evaluating the trends in bridge construction in California in the last ten years. The trend shows that the majority of bridges designed in recent past are of medium span, built with the cast in place technique. A very high percentage of these are prestressed box girder built by segments with the balanced cantilever erection method. Since the interest of this study is aimed at predicting the likely behavior of the bridges that will be probably built in the next future in California, the choice was made in that direction. Precast!!!!!NEW TRENDS The main objective of this study is to study the vulnerability of the bridge under the seismic load if the earthquake is going to occur during the construction phases. Before doing this, however, is fundamental to be sure that the bridge (case of study), after work completion and during life time under live loads, will respond satisfying all safety criteria required by the current local codes. We are talking about small earthquakes if the performance behavior of the structure has to stay in the elastic range, because this is a principle that governs the bridge design according to the codes of practice. Structural System The solution adopted consists in a prestressed cast on site concrete box girder constructed with the segmental balanced cantilever method, with a mixed system of prestressing cables in post-tension. Stages of Construction One of the most significant aspect of the bridge under consideration, that affects the all the design phases, is the definition of the bridge behavior during construction in the sequential progression of structural configurations. Therefore, issues relating to structural analysis during construction and those due to the actions in the final phase, have been examined in depth. Modeling The modeling has been conducted The capacity demand of vertical supports is a complex function of a lot of variables including: Ground motion characteristic Required design level Period of vibration of the structure Material behavior Elastic damping coefficient Soil condition and foundation type The geology of the ground and the morphology of the site play a key role in the design stage and govern the choices to be made in terms of foundations, maximum span length and construction type. A subsurface investigation in the vicinity of piles and abutments is necessary to identify a suitable foundation type. The economic aspect is also affected because, depending on the geological situation, in case of high risk of liquefaction or slope stability the cost of foundations can vary greatly and reach very high costs in proportion to the total cost of the structure. In the case study taken into consideration, there was no possibility to determine the required type of the foundations due to the lack in knowledge of the geology of the soil. The feasible foundation options that could be proposed are many and, depending on the particular one chosen, they could significantly change the behaviour of the structure under seismic load. It was therefore preferred to leave the type of foundations as undefined and study the behaviour of the superstructure (piers and abutments) by assigning a good degree of restraint at the base of the substructure. Basically in the analysis model the base of the substructure has been fully restrained neglecting the possibility of deformation. This decision is based on the assumption that a fully fixed restraint (as the one simulated/assigned in the analysis model) will never occur in reality, regardless the type of foundation chosen; this means that the reactions at the base obtained from the model will be higher than the ones expected in reality, guarantying a conservative approach of the study. On the other hand the scope of this study is not the full design of the bridge, but the variation of the seismic vulnerability during the construction process, hence the previous assumptions, constant during the study of all construction stages, do not affect the final results. This means that making sure that the limitations deriving from these assumptions are taken into consideration, it has been possible to interpret the results appropriately as described in the following paragraphs. Analysis procedure The project of the bridge should be feasible in the near future at the location indicated and therefore the completed structure has to be able to withstand to all the loads defined by the codes, including seismic loads. Therefore, the first phase of this study involved the design of the bridge sections by analyzing bending, shear and torsion in superstructure and substructure. Usually, while conducting a push-over analysis, the structure is pushed till collapse is reached. This means that the structure would be allowed to pass the linear state and undergo to the non-linear one with the progressive formation of plastic hinges. Plastic hinges are a exemplification of cracking and initial damages in the structure. Wherever they occur, is not admissible to have cracks in the structure during construction of the bridge. For this reason the capacity of the piers to resist to seismic loads during construction has been evaluated through linear pushover analysis. Therefore the structure behavior has always been considered linear and when plastic hinges started occurring, which means that the structure was dissipating energy while cracking, the pushover has been stopped because the piers were considered damaged. Since the structure was reproduced with a 3-dimensional model, two different pushover analysis were carried on: one in the longitudinal direction and one in the transverse direction. The two chosen directions correspond to the first and the second mode of vibration of the bridge. Longitudinal pushover analysis was performed applying a slowly increasing seismic load on the superstructure of the bridge in the same direction of the span, and transverse pushover analysis similarly in the perpendicular direction. Summary and Conclusion The discussion in this study was carried out looking at a single bridge and making some simplifications (assumptions of fixity supports, two orthogonal directions of seismic forces, no admissible damage, linear behavior) to limit the number of variables that could affect the analysis. The previous push-over results refer to different models for the different construction phases of the same bridge. It would be hazardous coming to the conclusion that these results are representative of all bridge behaviors. Surely this study can be considered a good starting point for further investigation to be carried out on bridges with different characteristics for compare and group them in classes with analogue behavior to reach a generals conclusions about seismic vulnerability during construction.

PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP Auditors? Independence Issues & Violations :: essays research papers fc

SEC Concerned with Changes in the Public Accounting Profession The SEC and the former Chairman Arthur Levitt Jr. were extremely concerned that the public accounting firms were violating the auditors independence rules addressed through the Securities Exchange Acts. Auditing firms now had dual citizenship in public companies: (1) they issued opinions on audited financial statements and (2) they participated in various consulting engagements for those same companies. Levitt's solution was to split auditing and consulting. The former Chairman was concerned that the public would lose confidence in the financial markets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the whole system would be jeopardized. Public Accounting Revenues vs. Consulting Revenues by 1999 By 1976, audit fees accounted for approximately 70% of total revenue earned by any accounting firm in general. According to the Public Accounting Report, an Atlanta newsletter, the auditing and assurance services revenues dropped to 30% and tax services business accounted for 19% of the total revenues earned in 1999. Mathematically speaking, this means management consulting services accounted for approximately 51% of the total revenue being earned in 1999 by public accounting firms. Fact: According to The Business Journal's Book of Lists, PwC had $75 million in South Florida billings in 1998 to place third among accounting firms. SEC Auditors’ Independence Rule The independence rules require that auditors refrain from investing in companies that they audit, to ensure objective, truthful reporting and opinion. The rule applies to all auditors, their relatives, spouses, dependents, non-dependents, and, in some cases, associates must disclose all holdings. On the September 25, 2002 issue of BusinessWeekOnline.com, the Accounting Wars Powerful auditor-consultants are the target of Arthur Levitt’s crusade articles defined â€Å"Independence to mean, CPAs cannot audit their own or their partners' work†¦.†¦..clear and honest information is dependent on the CPAs independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦an auditor must not have any financial stake in the health, or even survival, of a client company.† There are those in the profession that believe this rule is archaic and does not hold any value in today’s financial world. Barry Melancon, President and CEO of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants stated, â€Å"The SEC has a right to expect the profession to adhere to the rules; however, the profession has a right to expect the regulatory environment to remain modern.† Fact: In 1933, when Congress first required public financial reports, lawmakers debated whether audit fees would taint auditors' independence. PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP is a public accounting firm formed through a merger between Coopers & Lybrand LLP and Price Waterhouse LLP, which was consummated on or about July 1, 1998.

Electronic medical records systems

INTRODUCTIONScientific and social changes of the 21st century have brought a radical change in the Health care delivery system with excellent technological innovations. One such innovation is the Electronic Medical Record System. An electronic medical record (EMR) is a medical record in digital format.The health care sector is accountable today with an alarming rise in medical litigations.This legal accountability of the health care system has given rise to a number of documents that have to be recorded ,preserved and made available to the patients on demand.The documentation includes, 1.Diagnosis and Treatment Report which very Health Care delivery center today provides to the patient on the details of the diagnosis of the disease with follow up instructions, the Medicine information and the allergy reactions that could follow; dietary restrictions, dos and don’ts, restrictions and exercises prescribed. They take an acknowledgement either from the patient or an authorized per son after receiving the report.This documentation serves a key purpose in medical practice.2.The Health Record which is the proper documentation of records of all treatments and medications, as well as a record of a patient’s reactions and behavior. The health record is the written and legal evidence of treatment. This reflects only facts and not the judgment of the doctor. Careful and accurate documentation is vital for patient welfare and that of the doctor.Documentation includes, medication administered, treatments done with date & time, factual, objective and complete data, with no blank spaces left in charting, on flow sheets or on check lists, calls made to health care team, client’s response, signature of the nurse in every entry and consent for treatment. A private hospital inMilan, Italy, has been asked to handover for police verification of the medical records of at least twenty one cases who had heart valve surgery, following complaints that the surgeon repl aced heart valves even in patients who did not need them replaced.3. Informed Consent, which is a document, recorded before any terminally ill person receives his chemotherapy or an invasive procedure. The patient or his/her health attorney should give a well-documented informed consent before such procedures.Informed consent means that tests, treatments and medications have been explained to the person, as well as outcomes, possible complications and alternative procedures. Any medical hospital can be pushed into a center of a litigation storm after allegations without informed consent.4.Medical Billing and Insurance, which are part of the health care system in USA.Electronic medical record keeping facilitates access of patient data by physicians at any given location ,accurate   claims processing by insurance companies , building automated checks for drug and allergy interactions,clinical notes and laboratory reports.The term electronic medical record can be expanded to include systems which keep track of other relevant medical information.THE TECHNOLOGYFive levels of an Electronic HealthCare Record (EHCR) keeping can be classified as follows;1.The Automated Medical Record ,which is a paper-based record with some computer-generated documents. 2.The Computerized Medical Record (CMR), which makes the documents of level 1 electronically available. 3.The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) which restructures and optimizes the documents of the previous levels ensuring inter-operability of all documentation systems.4.The Electronic Patient Record (EPR) which is a patient-centered record with information from multiple institutions.5.The Electronic Health Record (EHR) adds general health-related information to the EPR that is not necessarily related to a disease. The development of standards for EMR interoperability is vital because of the fact that without interoperable EMRs, practicing physicians, pharmacies and health care institutions cannot share patient informat ion, which is necessary for timely patient-centered care.There are many standards relating to specific operation of   EMRs in the USA and across the globe. These include â€Å"ASTM International continuity of care record † in which patient health summary is based upon XML; â€Å"ANS1 X12†,which is a set of protocols used for transmitting any data including billing information; â€Å"CEN†,which is the European Standard for EMR; â€Å"DICOM†,A popular standard in radiology record keeping and â€Å"HL7† which is commonly used in clinical document architecture applications.There are many software programs specially developed for electronic record keeping. This includes ‘Doctors partner’, an advanced Electronic Medical Records (EMR) System with Integrated Appointment Scheduling Billing, Prescription Writer, Transcription Module, Document Management and Workflow Management built to meet HIPAA standards. ‘Practice Partner Patient Reco rds’ is an award winning electronic medical records (EMR) system, allowing practices to store and retrieve patient charts electronically. There are innumerable such branded medical record softwares available today (Ringold et.al.,2000)The American Medical Association and 13 other medical groups representing 500,000 physicians have signaled their intention to go electronic with the AMA formed Physicians’ â€Å"Electronic Health Record Coalition† to recommend affordable, standards-based technology to their constituents. President Bush has also promoted a nationwide computerized medical records system in a recent visit to a children's hospital at Vanderbilt University.THE COSTThe National Academy of Sciences report states that the health care industry spent between $10 and $15 billion on information technology in 1996. RED medic Inc., a California based firm have introduced a cheap online medical record service with an annual membership of about $35.The company Web site will collect, store and access everything ever wanted by health-care professionals to know about a patient’s medications, allergies, immunizations, conditions, doctors, emergency contacts and insurance providers. The system will store and transmit more complex information such as advance directives, EKGs and other essential medical documents and diagnostic imaging techniques. This health information service is capable of delivering information to any doctor or hospital, anytime, within the United States.RISK ASSESSMENTAlthough the issue of the privacy of patient records has received due attention in the last two years with arguments that Electronic medical records presents new threats to the privacy of patient-identifiable medical records, The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 paved ways to protect the privacy of medical records Thus, any violation on these lines will be violation of the basic law.Under data protection legislation and the law i n USA, the responsibilty for patient records in any form including films and tracings from diagnostic imaging procedures such as x-ray, CT, PET, MRI, ultrasound, etc.   lies always on the creator and custodian of the record, who is usually a health care practice or facility and   the patient owns the information within the record and has a right to view the originals, and to obtain copies under law. Thus, electronic medical record system is a technologically viable cost effective system that has to be utilized by the health care sector governed by legal and ethical principles.CONCLUSIONEMRs can serve a great purpose by making the patient data available to any authorized physician   or   patient anywhere and anytime towards more transparent health care   when monitored effectively.REFERENCEHallvard Là ¦rum, MD, Tom H. Karlsen, MD, and Arild Faxvaag, MD, PhD. â€Å"Effects of scanning and eliminating paper based medical records on hospital physician’s clinical workà ‚  Ã‚   practice†.. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 10: 588-595. 2003.Medical Board of California: Medical Records – Frequently Asked Questions.Ringold, JP Santell, and PJ Schneider. â€Å"ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in acute care   settings: dispensing and administration–1999†. American Journal of Health-System   Pharmacy 57 (19): 1759-75. 2000.US Code of Federal Regulations, â€Å"of Individually Identifiable Health Information†   Title 45, Volume 1,October 1, 2005.

Patrice Lumumba’s Struggle Against Belgian Imperialism Essay

Patrice Lumumba’s Struggle Against Belgian Imperialism It is hard to believe that in 2002 there is still imperialism being practiced in the world, but the fact of the matter is, it is. Imperialism is the policy of extending a nation’s territory or power by establishing dominance over other nations. A modern example of imperialism is the Congo. At the 1885 Berlin Conference, where the European powers carved up most of Africa among themselves, they sanctioned the claim of Belgian King Leopold II to sole authority over the Congo, a land mass 75 times the area of Belgium. The Congo was virtually his private property. He wiped out some 10 million people, around half the population, in his determination to extract every†¦show more content†¦However, Lumumba’s intentions became clear from his Independence Day speech. He said, We have known sarcasm and insults, endured blows morning, noon and night because we were niggers... We have seen our lands despoiled under the terms of what was supposedly the law of the lad but which only recognised the right of the strongest. We have seen that this law was quite different for a white than for a black: accommodating for the former, cruel and inhuman for the latter. It is evident from this excerpt that Lumumba’s Congo would not be one where the Belgians could remain in complete control. The imperialist powers, led by Washington together with Brussels, undertook a series of operations designed to undermine the new Lumumba-led government. Less than two weeks after Congos independence, the former Belgian rulers succeeded in organizing a secessionist movement in the province of Katanga, where U.S. and European companies had vast mineral holdings. On July 11, 1960, Moise Tshombe, a wealthy businessman and leader of the UCOL party who bitterly opposed Lumumba, declared Katangas separation from the Congo. UCOL originally stood for the Union for Colonization but then was later changed to the Union for the Collaboration of the Middle Classes in Katanga due to the feverish anti-colonial spirit in the Congo. Brussels sent 10,000 troops to Katanga toShow MoreRelatedNotes18856 Words   |  76 PagesIndividuals like l Dr. David Livingstone were able to combine missionary activities with extensive scientific research and geographic investigations. To this day, Africa remains a favorite destination for missionaries. The third reason was based on imperialism, the desire by European patriots to contribute to their country’s grandeur by laying claim to other countries in distant lands. Imperial Germany’s Karl Peters’ adventures M04_KHAF1713_04_SE_C04.indd 101 1/18/12 10:30 AM  102 C ha